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1996-06-17
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May the spirit of Linux and GNU and all supporting peoble be with you...
No liability for any damage and/or loss of data or whatsoever caused by the
use of this distribution. Its all at your own risk.
This small HOWTO file was compiled from:
Peter Sieg
Rabishauerstr.9
D-37603 Holzminden
GERMANY
Please, if you try Xlinux send me a postcard with a small comment...
Also bug fixes are highly welcome.
Source code is available from sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux, tsx-11.mit.edu and
various CD-ROM's.
Mini Linux will not work with DBLSPACE. Uncompress your drive first.
There are two howto files in the /Library directory:
hardware.howto (english) explains hardware related questions.
german.howto (german) explains german user questions.
To install this distribution:
Space required during installation app. 68 MB.
Space required after installation app. 48 MB.
Since Version V951101, all disk except the last one are higher formatted
with the 2m tools (1,8 MB). To access the disk, you must insert the last
disk first and do a a:\2m.com to install the driver. This driver can also
read and write all other formats transparantly...
x: (where x is your destination drive to install to)
md \tmp (if not already exist)
cd \tmp
Now for all disk:
copy a:\*.*
unrar x xlinux
del xlinux.r??
Now you can start linux with linux.bat <x>!!!
ATTENTION:
Now you can easily setup your keyboard layout, mouse, modem, timezone,
cdrom, swapspace and network by running the setup script in /sbin.
This script as the related *conf* scripts are adapted from the Slackware
distribution.
See the copyright notice in setup. - Many thanks to Patrick Volkerding!
It will load the portugese keymap. To change to us:
temporarily execute:
/usr/bin/loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/us.map
('/' key is '" key...)
than change file /etc/rc.d/rc.keymap...
I did that already...
I also added de.map (German) and es.map (Spanish) to the directory...
X uses a file called .Xmodmap under dir:
/usr/X11/lib/X11/xinit/
If nothing is there it uses us layout.
I copied xmodmap.gr, *.uk etc in that dir. Please just rename if needed.
/dev/modem is linked to /dev/cua1 which is for dos users com2.
to change for example to com1 do:
rm /dev/modem; ln -s /dev/cua0 /dev/modem
/dev/mouse is linked to /dev/ttyS0 which is for dos users com1.
to change to com2 etc. do:
rm /dev/mouse; ln -s /dev/ttyS1 /dev/mouse
X Version is X11R5!!
Xwindows: my mouse did not work. caused by selection program started in
/etc/rc.d/rc.local
just comment the lines out and restart.
Xwindows needs at least 8MB of memory. If you have less you should use
a swapfile:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count =4096 # or 8192...
mkswap /swapfile 4096
sync
swapon /swapfile
# Only the last command have to be repeated each time you boot!!
# or put the folowing line in /etc/fstab:
/swapfile none swap defaults
# or use the script swap <size_in_bytes> in /usr/bin...
# if you dont specify the sizes, just swapon /swapfile will be executed!
The following have been removed:
/bin/more (now a link to /usr/bin/less)
/usr/bin/zip
/usr/bin/zipnote
/usr/bin/zipsplit
/usr/bin/lharc
/usr/bin/zoo
/usr/bin/*less*
/usr/bin/*joe*
/usr/lib/joerc
/usr/lib/setup/* (replaced with /sbin/*conf* and /sbin/setup)
/bin/dir (replaced with scripts ls -l $1)
/usr/local/bin/* (utree)
/usr/local/lib/utree.*
/var/adm/packages/*
/var/adm/disk_contents..
/root/xmosaic (don't worry; back in right dir and with local home page!)
/usr/lib/lynx..
/usr/bin/lynx (again don't worry; back with local home page!)
/usr/bin/tin
/usr/bin/indent
/bin/bash (replaced with ash)
/usr/X11/bin/XF86_SVGA (replaced with XF86_Mono)
The following programs have been added:
/usr/X11/bin/XF86_Mono (as a replacement for XF86_SVGA)
/bin/ash (as a replacement for bash)
/bin/test (needed by a lot programs? was missing?)
/bin/[ ( link to /bin/test for better readability)
/usr/bin/less (the better more)
/usr/bin/basic (ChipMunk Basic Interpreter V1.0)
/usr/bin/sc (The spreadsheet program V6.21)
/usr/bin/ssfile (A flat file B-Tree data base program that uses ncurses)
/usr/lib/ssfile/ (examples and documentation for ssfile)
/usr/bin/mc (Norton Commander Clone - Excellent!!! - new Version since 1996)
/usr/bin/xc (Communication Program)
/usr/bin/flip (plays fli + flc animations with svgalib - not tested.)
/usr/bin/mpeg_play (play mpg software video files)
/usr/bin/pcdview (displays PhotoCD images with svgalib - not tested.)
/usr/TeX/* (Small TeX distribution...)
/usr/bin/texmgr (TeX Menu using dialog)
/usr/bin/lynx (Character mode WWW client with /usr/lib/html/home.html home page)
/usr/local/lib/lynx.cfg (config file for above...)
/usr/local/lib/*libvga.config (svgalib config file + setup template)
/usr/games/lr (lode runner game svgalib)
/usr/bin/3d (svgalib demo)
(Note: for the two games above, go in the binary directory before starting the game!)
/usr/X11/bin/xspread (same as SC under X)
/usr/X11/bin/oleo (oleo spreadsheet from GNU)
/usr/X11/bin/xcalc (X calculator)
/usr/X11/bin/xeyes (I love this...)
/usr/X11/bin/xtetris (nice game)
/usr/X11/bin/xpool (pool table game)
/usr/X11/bin/xtron (tron like game)
/usr/X11/bin/xmessage (might be usefull)
/usr/X11/bin/xtalk (same as talk under X)
/usr/X11/bin/xgrab (X screen copy)
/usr/X11/bin/xsysinfo (System info display)
/usr/X11/bin/xhtalk (See who is talking too - needs file .xhtalk under your home dir)
/****************************************/
/* sample configuration file for xhtalk */
/* names of the hosts to be searched on .. */
host {
"slip1","slip2" /* local hosts */
}
/* login names of the users to be searched for .. */
name {
"root",
"sysop",
"guest"
}
/usr/X11/bin/xedit (Tiny X editor)
/usr/X11/bin/axe (A better xeditor)
/usr/X11/bin/xcoral (A very good xeditor)
/usr/X11/bin/ghostview (Postscript viewer)
/usr/X11/bin/xhtml (A html editor)(removed as extra tgz file)
/usr/X11/bin/xmosaix (WWW client; loads /usr/lib/html/home.html)
(when called from fvwm)!
/usr/lib/html/UserGuide/* (XMosaic User Guide; load local XMosaic.0.html)
/usr/X11/bin/xfig (Drawing program)
/usr/X11/bin/fig2dev (Converts *.fig files to various other formats ex: *.ps)
/usr/X11/bin/xv (Picture manipulations)
/lib/libgr.so.1 (needed for xv)
/usr/X11/bin/xpaint (Painting program)
/lib/libXpm.so.4 (needed for xpaint)
/usr/bin/SuperProbe (identifies your display adapter...)
/usr/bin/seejpeg (jpeg... viewer. try run startrek...)
/usr/bin/tclsh (tcl shell)
/usr/lib/libtcl.so.3 (needed for tclsh)
/usr/bin/wish (tk shell)
/usr/lib/libtk.so.3 (needed for tk shell wish)
/usr/lib/tk/demos/* (some demos)
#you need to place -font fixed before every -text statement!!
/usr/bin/awk (is GNU-awk; required by Crack)
/usr/bin/perl (the script language V4.036)
/usr/bin/sqprint (perl script to print on HP PCL printer two pages on one in
landscape format: ex: cat /howto | sqprint | lpr)
/usr/bin/p2p (does the above ex: cat $1 | sqprint | lpr)
/usr/bbs/* (NoName very small bbs program script; follow instructions!)
/usr/bin/deliver (small local! mail delivery program)
/usr/bin/mail (Mail/mailx...to make it work it wrote this script:
/usr/bin/sendmail
#!/bin/sh
deliver $2
#then ln -s /usr/bin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail
/usr/bin/gs (ghostscript postscript interpreter plus several other files)
/usr/lib/ghostscript/* (files needed for gs plus examples; gs -h for help)
(try gs /usr/lib/ghostscript/examples/tiger.ps)
/usr/bin/pgs (print postscript files to lpr; param 2 is device name from gs -h)
(You have to enter <return> and quit manually until solved...)
(This is solved: specified quit.ps after ps file in pgs...)
(Also put :mx#0: in /etc/printcap to spool files > 1MB!!!)
/usr/bin/dgs (output postscript files to linux svgaconsole)
/usr/bin/pstree (Perl script - convert/print dir-tree info in postscript)
/usr/bin/i2ps (Perl script - convert/print ascii files to postscript)
/usr/bin/nenscript (program to print ascii files to postscript)
/usr/bin/pstext (script calls nenscript to cvt ascii to ps; stdout)
/usr/bin/a2ps (another script calling nenscript...)
/usr/bin/mpage (print multiple pages of ascii files to postscript)
/usr/bin/a2x* (ascii to postscript)
/usr/bin/fax (scripts sends, receives, prints and views fax with efax,efix,gs)
/usr/bin/efax + efix (used by above script)
/usr/bin/rot13 (simple ascii file scrambler)
/usr/bin/crypt (better ascii file scrambler)
/usr/bin/makekey (needed by crypt)
/usr/bin/tcx + untcx (on the fly exec compress/decompress using gzip)
/usr/bin/lbu + /usr/lib/LBU/* (linux backup utility script using dialog)
/usr/bin/cdrom (mount /dev/cdrom to /cdrom)
/usr/bin/a: (mount msdos /dev/fd0 /a:)
/usr/local/InterViews/*
-- doc (Text processing WYSIWYG; output LaTeX compatible)
(ca also include drawings etc.)
-- idraw (Drawing program; works with doc; output EPS)
/usr/local/Minerva/*
/usr/local/Minerva/bin/msql - interactive SQL database manipulation tool
/usr/local/Minerva/bin/msqld - SQL database backend server
/usr/local/Minerva/bin/msqladmin - SQL database adminstration tool
( start msqld with: #msqld &)
( try msql;select num from test; \g)
( try msql;insert into test(num) values (13) \g)
/usr/local/bin/xlispstat - statistical analysis
/usr/local/lib/xliststat/*
/usr/local/sbin/httpd - NCSA HTTP daemon
/usr/doc/httpd/*
/var/httpd/*
/usr/bin/joe - joe's own editor - Wordstar (TM) commands!
/usr/lib/joe/*
/usr/bin/wine - the windows emulator (sorry older version = just sol.exe?)
/usr/bin/sysres.dll - needed by wine
/etc/wine.conf - as the name says...
/usr/local/lib/nexs - the network spreadsheet - evaluation copy only
see file /Library/nexs.txt
/usr/local/linuxdoc-sgml/* - the linux doc project files and programs
/usr/bin/ci,co,rcs,rcsdiff... - the rcs = revision control system
/usr/bin/xcbb - starts the check book balancer programm (X11!)
/usr/local/cbb/*
/usr/lib/cbb/*
/usr/bin/groff... - the text formatter...with utilities...
/usr/bin/man - a simple shell script to look for a man page
(MANPATH is set in /etc/profile to /cdrom/man, since the man pages are only on
the cdrom included!
)
/usr/bin/chess - the GNU chess programm for text console
/usr/bin/bwbasic - basic interpreter
/usr/local/bin/cman* - Rolodex Contact manager uses Curses
/usr/bin/ecu - Terminalprogramm also incl. Kermit sr
/usr/local/lib/ecu* see above
/usr/local/bin/*cr - crisp editor plus xcr for X11
/usr/local/lib/crisp/* - see above
/usr/local/pcemu - DOS Emulator under X11 for Textprograms only!
/usr/X11R6/lib - X11R6 libraries needed also by pcemu...
/usr/bin/udo - Text Converter to html,rtf,man,tex,asc,...... Excellent!
/Library/*udo* - some information on udo...
This packages/programs i would like to include in this distribution:
PCMCIA support thru loadable kernel modules.
Newer WINE binary.
If you like to install other packages, i did it the following way:
# Because the cdrom on my computer did not work at the time...
I selected the appropriate packages <*.tgz> and copied them with the
windows filemanager from a cdrom to disk a:
Then i started linux:
With cd /tmp i go into the tmp directory.
With mcopy a:<package.tgz> <package.tgz> i copied the file(s) into
the current directory.
With tar -zxvf <package.tgz> i uncompressed and untared them.
Now you will see several directories and files in the /tmp directory.
Try the executables and if you want to keep them move all neccessary
files to their directories ex: /tmp/usr/bin/ash -> /usr/bin/ash.
For working with dos floppy disk to can use the mtools:
ex: mdir a: - directory of drive a:
mread -t a:howto howto - read file howto from a: to current directory
mwrite -t howto a: - write file howto to drive a:
(-t switch translates <lf> to <cr><lf> and vice versa...)
For DOS users i made a link from del to rm and from copy to cp.
That means you can use del to delete files and copy to copy them.
Also md is linked to mkdir and rd to rmdir.
You can print ascii files with following command:
p <filename> ;this is just a script under /usr/bin that inserts a <cr> at
the end of each line and then calls lpr.
This is the script p:
#!/bin/sh
cat $1 | sed -e s/$/^M/ | lpr
# ^M is CTRL-M; Use CTRL-V, CTRL-M in vi.
There is also a small script called pap under /usr/bin to allow printing
of attributes like bold and underline. In your text include:
.B for bold on
.b for bold off
.U for underline on
.u for underline off
The script simply replaces this strings with the appropriate control codes.
Currently the codes are set for HP Laserjet PCL and testet with HP Laserjet 4L.
Under /root is a small print.test file. Try pap print.test.
You get help on commands by run <cmd> --help or -?.
Try working with scripts together with the dialog program, see ex.
under /var/adm/scripts.
There is a nice monitor program. run top.
If you know Norton Commander run mc.
Try the game sasteroids.
For the game lr, please cd /usr/games first...
The file svgalib.config is in /usr/local/lib!
Workbone is nice audio cdrom player.
There are some setup scripts in /var/adm/scripts/
I used one to setup my cdrom (mitsumi).
If you want to work on 2 sessions on one screen try splitvt.
To see if your mouse works, try test-mouse.
To check if Xwindows would run try X -probeonly.
If the message says, dot clock not found, update the lowes available
dot clock reported by X -probeonly in file Xconfig at mode "640x480"!
and the "800x600" mode as well! That should as least bring you up in X.
In Xwindows you can abort with CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE.
The first time you should start with startx 2>startx.log.
All messages from x will be logged in startx.log.
I you like a nice background picture in your X desktop try:
# xv -root -max -quit </usr/lib/pictures/picture_filename> &
---------- to be continued ------------